Dark Energy Divergence OscillatorThe Dark Energy Divergence Oscillator (DEDO)
What makes The Universe grow at an accelerating pace?
Dark Energy.
What makes The Economy grow at an accelerating pace?
Debt.
Debt is the Dark Energy of The Economy.
I pronounce DEDO "Deed-oh", but variations are fine with me.
Note: The Pine Script version of DEDO is improved from the original formula, which used a constant all-time high calculation in the normalization factor. This was technically not as accurate for calculating liquidity pressure in historical data because it meant that historical prices were being tested against future liquidity factors. Now using Pine, the functions can be normalized for the bar at the time of calculation, so the liquidity factors are normalized per candle, not across the entire series, which feels like an improvement to me.
Thought Process:
It's all about the liquidity. What I started with is a correlation between major stock indices such as SPX and WRESBAL , a balance sheet metric on FRED
After September 2008, when QE was initiated, many asset valuations started to follow more closely with liquidity factors. This led me to create a function that could combine asset prices and liquidity in WRESBAL , in order to calculate their divergence and chart the signal in TradingView.
The original formula:
First, we don't want "non-QE" data. we only want data for the market affected by QE .
So, find SPX on the day of pre-QE: 1255.08 and subtract that from the 2022 top 4818.62 = 3563.54
With this post-QE SPX range, now you can normalize the price level simply by dividing by the range = ( SPX -1255.08)/3563.54)
Normalization produces values from 0 to 1 so that they can be compared with other normalized figures.
In order to test the 0 to 1 normalized SPX range measure against the liquidity number, WRESBAL , it's the same idea: normalize it using the max as the denominator and you get a 0 to 1 liquidity index:
( WRESBAL /4276000000000)
Subtract one from the other to get the divergence:
(( WRESBAL /4276000000000)-(( SPX -1255.08)/3563.54))*10
x10 to reduce decimal places, but this option is configurable in DEDO's input settings tab.
Positive values indicate there's ample liquidity to hold up price or even create bullish momentum in some cases. Negative values mean price levels are potentially extended beyond what liquidity levels can support.
Note: many viewers of the charts on social media wanted the values to go down in alignment with price moving down, so inverting the chart is what I do with Option + I. I like the fact that negative values represent a deficit in liquidity to hold up price but that's just me.
Now with Pine Script and some help from other liquidity focused accounts on TradingView , I was able to derive a script that includes central bank liquidity and Reverse Repo liquidity drain, all in one algorithm, with adjustable settings.
Central bank assets included in this version:
-JPY (Japan)
-CNY (China)
-UK (British Pound)
-SNB (Swiss National Bank)
-ECB (European Central Bank )
Central Bank assets can be adjusted to an allocation % so that the formula is adjusted for the market cap of the asset.
A handy table in the lower right corner displays useful information about the asset market cap, and percentage it represents in the liquidity pool.
Reverse repo soak is also an optional addition in the Input settings using the RRPONTSYD value from FRED. This value is subtracted from global liquidity used to determine divergence since it is swept away from markets when residing in the Fed's reverse repo facility.
There is an option to draw a line at the Zero bound. This provides a convenience so that the line doesn't keep having to be redrawn on every chart. The normalized equation produces a value that should oscillate around zero, as price/valuation grows past liquidity support, falls under it, and repeats in cycles.
在脚本中搜索"[中国保险行业协会]：2022年度商业健康保险经营数据"
Volume scaled Price + auto colour change light/dark mode🔶 OVERVIEW
🔹 This script shows price in a similar style as volume . To accomplish this we use the body of the candle ( close - open ), which is placed on a zero line.
This can be useful when comparing volume ~ price .
🔹 3 options are included to show additional lines, to make comparisons easier:
· Percentile nearest rank
· Bollinger Bands (BB)
· Simple Moving Average (SMA)
🔶 SETTINGS
🔹 Option : choose whether to show price (candles) or volume . Adding 2 versions of this indicator on the chart enables you to compare these 2 options:
🔹 Lines:
· (Percentile nearest rank (only the setting mult is used for this option).
· Bollinger Bands (BB) (only the setting % perc. nearest rank is used for this option).
· Simple Moving Average (SMA )
All 3 options will use length , this is the amount of bars used for calculations.
🔹 Show wick will show you... wicks :)
🔶 PERCENTILE NEAREST RANK
🔹 This script has 2 extra types of background color
dvP = volume > volume and z < z and z < prP_ and volume > prV
· In this case:
· volume is higher than previous volume ( volume > volume )
· volume is above 90th percentile rank ( volume > prV )
· price is lower than previous price ( z < z )
· price is below 10th percentile rank ( z < prP_ )
dvV = volume < volume and z > z and z > prP and volume < prV_
· The second type background color is reversed ( volume lower, price higher)
🔶 AUTOMATIC COLOUR CHANGE WHEN SWITCHING DARK/LIGHT MODE
🔹 chart.bg_color returns the color of the chart’s background from the "Chart settings/Appearance/Background" field, while chart.fg_color returns a color providing optimal contrast with chart.bg_color .
· Following technique gives you the possibility to pick your own colour for either dark/light time.
· We first retrieve separately the red, green and blue component of the measured chart.bg_color
r = color.r(chart.bg_color)
g = color.g(chart.bg_color)
b = color.b(chart.bg_color)
The following assumption states when all 3 colour components' values are below 80, we are in the dark mode:
isDark = r < 80 and g < 80 and b < 80
Now we can use isDark to automatically show your own dark/light mode colours (chosen at settings), dependable on the mode:
Cheers!
Replica of TradingView's Backtesting Engine with ArraysHello everyone,
Here is a perfectly replicated TradingView backtesting engine condensed into a single library function calculated with arrays. It includes TradingView's calculations for Net profit, Total Trades, Percent of Trades Profitable, Profit Factor, Max Drawdown (absolute and percent), and Average Trade (absolute and percent). Here's how TradingView defines each aspect of its backtesting system:
Net Profit: The overall profit or loss achieved.
Total Trades: The total number of closed trades, winning and losing.
Percent Profitable: The percentage of winning trades, the number of winning trades divided by the total number of closed trades.
Profit Factor: The amount of money the strategy made for every unit of money it lost, gross profits divided by gross losses.
Max Drawdown: The greatest loss drawdown, i.e., the greatest possible loss the strategy had compared to its highest profits.
Average Trade: The sum of money gained or lost by the average trade, Net Profit divided by the overall number of closed trades.
Here's how each variable is defined in the library function:
_backtest(bool _enter, bool _exit, float _startQty, float _tradeQty)
bool _enter: When the strategy should enter a trade (entry condition)
bool _exit: When the strategy should exit a trade (exit condition)
float _startQty: The starting capital in the account (for BTCUSD, it is the amount of USD the account starts with)
float _tradeQty: The amount of capital traded (if set to 1000 on BTCUSD, it will trade 1000 USD on each trade)
Currently, this library only works with long strategies, and I've included a commented out section under DEMO STRATEGY where you can replicate my results with TradingView's backtesting engine. There's tons I could do with this beyond what is shown, but this was a project I worked on back in June of 2022 before getting burned out. Feel free to comment with any suggestions or bugs, and I'll try to add or fix them all soon. Here's my list of thing to add to the library currently (may not all be added):
Add commission calculations.
Add support for shorting
Add a graph that resembles TradingView's overview graph.
Clean and optimize code.
Clean up in a way that makes it easy to add other TradingView calculations (such as Sharpe and Sortino ratio).
Separate all variables, so they become accessible outside of calculations (such as gross profit, gross loss, number of winning trades, number of losing trades, etc.).
Thanks for reading,
OztheWoz
US Fed Rate Hike Historical DatesThe script applies Blue (color can be changed) highlights to the days that the US Federal Reserve Hiked interest rates. Data goes back to the 60's. This can be applied to any chart/timeframe to view how the asset behaved before/during/after Federal Rate Hikes.
****This was updated as of Dec 2022... Any decisions after Dec 2022 will not show up in this indicator.
Versions may be updated periodically to include new data.
Hope this helps. Happy Trades
-SnarkyPuppy
US Fed Rate Cut Historical DatesThe script applies Purple (color can be changed) highlights to the days that the US Federal Reserve Cut interest rates. Data goes back to the 60's. This can be applied to any chart/timeframe to view how the asset behaved before/during/after Federal Rate cuts.
****This was updated as of Dec 2022... Any decisions after Dec 2022 will not show up in this indicator.
Versions may be updated periodically to include new data.
Hope this helps. Happy Trades
-SnarkyPuppy
Ichimoku Cloud and ADX with Trailing Stop Loss (by Coinrule)The Ichimoku Cloud is a collection of technical indicators that show support and resistance levels, as well as momentum and trend direction. It does this by taking multiple averages and plotting them on a chart. It also uses these figures to compute a “cloud” that attempts to forecast where the price may find support or resistance in the future.
The Ichimoku Cloud was developed by Goichi Hosoda, a Japanese journalist, and published in the late 1960s. It provides more data points than the standard candlestick chart. While it seems complicated at first glance, those familiar with how to read the charts often find it easy to understand with well-defined trading signals.
The Ichimoku Cloud is composed of five lines or calculations, two of which comprise a cloud where the difference between the two lines is shaded in.
The lines include a nine-period average, a 26-period average, an average of those two averages, a 52-period average, and a lagging closing price line.
The cloud is a key part of the indicator. When the price is below the cloud, the trend is down. When the price is above the cloud, the trend is up.
The above trend signals are strengthened if the cloud is moving in the same direction as the price. For example, during an uptrend, the top of the cloud is moving up, or during a downtrend, the bottom of the cloud is moving down.
DMI is simple to interpret. When +DI > - DI, it means the price is trending up. On the other hand, when -DI > +DI, the trend is weak or moving on the downside. The ADX does not give an indication of the direction but about the strength of the trend.
Typically values of ADX above 25 mean that the trend is steeply moving up or down, based on the -DI and +DI positioning. This script aims to capture swings in the DMI, and thus, in the trend of the asset, using a contrarian approach.
Trading on high values of ADX, the strategy tries to spot extremely oversold and overbought conditions. Values of ADX above 45 may suggest that the trend has overextended and is maybe about to reverse.
This strategy combines the Ichimoku Cloud with the ADX indicator to better enter trades.
Long orders are placed when these basic signals are triggered.
Long Position:
Tenkan-Sen is above the Kijun-Sen
Chikou-Span is above the close of 26 bars ago
Close is above the Kumo Cloud
MACD line crosses over the signal line
-DI is greater than +DI
ADX is greater than 45
Close Position:
3% increase trailing
3% decrease trailing
The script is backtested from December 2022 and provides good returns.
A trading fee of 0.1% is also taken into account and is aligned to the base fee applied on Binance.
Market Breadth: Trends & BreakoutsVisualize the percentage of stocks in an index participating in trends and breakouts/breakdowns.
The default data source is the S & P 500: the percent of stocks above/below the 200 and 50 day moving averages, and the percentage of stocks making new 52 week breakouts/breakdowns. You can pick new data sources in the settings.
The blue band represents the percentage of stocks above/below the 200 day moving average. (It's always 100% in width, unlike say Bollinger bands). The thin blue lines are the same but for the 50 day moving average. The red and green areas represent the percentage of stocks making new 52 week highs/lows.
In the example chart you can see a divergence between the market as a whole which continues up and to the right throughout 2021, where as fewer and fewer stocks were above their own 200 day moving average, causing the blue band to trend down. Before the market turns beginning 2022 you can see more stocks making new 52 week lows, even as other stocks make 52 week highs. After the market tops, the percentage of 52 week lows intensifies and the percentage of stocks below their 200 day moving average is already over 50%.
Market Crashes/Chart Timeframes HighlightThis extremely helpful indicator allows you to highlight 7 custom date-based timeframes on your charts.
The default dates selected are what I consider to be the most significant 7 most recent market declines, including and since the 87 flash crash.
Note: The default dates are approximate but good enough to highlight the key timeframes of these pullbacks/crashes/corrections.
It's simple to use and does exactly what it should.
I created this indicator to make it easier when looking at the overall story of a chart. I found it helpful to highlight these areas to see how a market or equity has responded during these significant market pullbacks.
The highlight alone I’ve found helpful, and it becomes more powerful if you combine it with your own trusted trade system.
Also, to get the most out of using the default dates it’s important to understand the narrative behind each pullback/crash. Here’s the list of what I consider significant pullbacks:
Black Monday - Oct 87
1990s Recession - Jul 90 to Mar 91
Dot Com Bubble - 2000 to 2002 or so
Real Estate 2008 Crisis - I choose 2007-2009 to cover full insider knowledge and aftermath
2016 - 2018 - This isn't seen as a pullback, but I have it as significant because in many markets and equities, this was an almost equal percentage pullback as 2008. See Notes below
2020 Crash - Covid-19 and related shenanigans pullback
April 2021 to August 2022 - I believe we are in a current SHORT cycle so I've highlighted April 2021 as the start of what might be the start of a major decline testing Dot Com or lower levels.
A few notes on the above.
You'll find on most of the pullbacks listed above most equities and related markets behave similarly or have similar patterns.
The 2016-18 pullback is the most difficult to track. For instance, GE in this timeframe had a -80% decline, whereas BA depending on how you want to measure it had a 50-110% gain.
Correlation Coefficient: Visible Range Dynamic Average R -Correlation Coefficient with Dynamic Average R (shows R average for the visible chart only, changes as you zoom in or out)
-Label: Vis-Avg-R = Visable Average R
-the Correlation Coefficient function for Pearson's R is taken from "BA🐷 CC" indicator by @balipour (highly recommended; more thorough treatment of R and other stats, but without the dynamic average)
-I wrote this primarily to add a dynamic Average R, showing correlation for arbitrary start times/end times; whether it be the last month, last year, of some specific period from the past (backtest mode)
-I have been using this to get an idea of correlation regimes over time between Bonds vs Stocks (ZB1! vs ES1!).
-As you see from the above, most of 2022 has seen an unusually strong positive correlation between Bonds and Stocks
~~inputs:
-lookback length for calculation of R
-Backtest mode (true by default): displays Average R for ONLY the visible range displayed on any part of chart history (LHS to RHS of screen only)
-source for both Ticker and compared Asset (close, open, high, low, ohlc4.. etc)
~~some other assets worth comparing:
Aussie vs Gold; Aussie vs ES; Btc vs ES; Copper vs ES
CVD - Cumulative Volume Delta (Chart)█ OVERVIEW
This indicator displays cumulative volume delta (CVD) as an on-chart oscillator. It uses intrabar analysis to obtain more precise volume delta information compared to methods that only use the chart's timeframe.
The core concepts in this script come from our first CVD indicator , which displays CVD values as plot candles in a separate indicator pane. In this script, CVD values are scaled according to price ranges and represented on the main chart pane.
█ CONCEPTS
Bar polarity
Bar polarity refers to the position of the close price relative to the open price. In other words, bar polarity is the direction of price change.
Intrabars
Intrabars are chart bars at a lower timeframe than the chart's. Each 1H chart bar of a 24x7 market will, for example, usually contain 60 bars at the lower timeframe of 1min, provided there was market activity during each minute of the hour. Mining information from intrabars can be useful in that it offers traders visibility on the activity inside a chart bar.
Lower timeframes (LTFs)
A lower timeframe is a timeframe that is smaller than the chart's timeframe. This script utilizes a LTF to analyze intrabars, or price changes within a chart bar. The lower the LTF, the more intrabars are analyzed, but the less chart bars can display information due to the limited number of intrabars that can be analyzed.
Volume delta
Volume delta is a measure that separates volume into "up" and "down" parts, then takes the difference to estimate the net demand for the asset. This approach gives traders a more detailed insight when analyzing volume and market sentiment. There are several methods for determining whether an asset's volume belongs in the "up" or "down" category. Some indicators, such as On Balance Volume and the Klinger Oscillator , use the change in price between bars to assign volume values to the appropriate category. Others, such as Chaikin Money Flow , make assumptions based on open, high, low, and close prices. The most accurate method involves using tick data to determine whether each transaction occurred at the bid or ask price and assigning the volume value to the appropriate category accordingly. However, this method requires a large amount of data on historical bars, which can limit the historical depth of charts and the number of symbols for which tick data is available.
In the context where historical tick data is not yet available on TradingView, intrabar analysis is the most precise technique to calculate volume delta on historical bars on our charts. This indicator uses intrabar analysis to achieve a compromise between simplicity and accuracy in calculating volume delta on historical bars. Our Volume Profile indicators use it as well. Other volume delta indicators in our Community Scripts , such as the Realtime 5D Profile , use real-time chart updates to achieve more precise volume delta calculations. However, these indicators aren't suitable for analyzing historical bars since they only work for real-time analysis.
This is the logic we use to assign intrabar volume to the "up" or "down" category:
• If the intrabar's open and close values are different, their relative position is used.
• If the intrabar's open and close values are the same, the difference between the intrabar's close and the previous intrabar's close is used.
• As a last resort, when there is no movement during an intrabar and it closes at the same price as the previous intrabar, the last known polarity is used.
Once all intrabars comprising a chart bar are analyzed, we calculate the net difference between "up" and "down" intrabar volume to produce the volume delta for the chart bar.
█ FEATURES
CVD resets
The "cumulative" part of the indicator's name stems from the fact that calculations accumulate during a period of time. By periodically resetting the volume delta accumulation, we can analyze the progression of volume delta across manageable chunks, which is often more useful than looking at volume delta accumulated from the beginning of a chart's history.
You can configure the reset period using the "CVD Resets" input, which offers the following selections:
• None : Calculations do not reset.
• On a fixed higher timeframe : Calculations reset on the higher timeframe you select in the "Fixed higher timeframe" field.
• At a fixed time that you specify.
• At the beginning of the regular session .
• On trend changes : Calculations reset on the direction change of either the Aroon indicator, Parabolic SAR , or Supertrend .
• On a stepped higher timeframe : Calculations reset on a higher timeframe automatically stepped using the chart's timeframe and following these rules:
Chart TF HTF
< 1min 1H
< 3H 1D
<= 12H 1W
< 1W 1M
>= 1W 1Y
Specifying intrabar precision
Ten options are included in the script to control the number of intrabars used per chart bar for calculations. The greater the number of intrabars per chart bar, the fewer chart bars can be analyzed.
The first five options allow users to specify the approximate amount of chart bars to be covered:
• Least Precise (Most chart bars) : Covers all chart bars by dividing the current timeframe by four.
This ensures the highest level of intrabar precision while achieving complete coverage for the dataset.
• Less Precise (Some chart bars) & More Precise (Less chart bars) : These options calculate a stepped LTF in relation to the current chart's timeframe.
• Very precise (2min intrabars) : Uses the second highest quantity of intrabars possible with the 2min LTF.
• Most precise (1min intrabars) : Uses the maximum quantity of intrabars possible with the 1min LTF.
The stepped lower timeframe for "Less Precise" and "More Precise" options is calculated from the current chart's timeframe as follows:
Chart Timeframe Lower Timeframe
Less Precise More Precise
< 1hr 1min 1min
< 1D 15min 1min
< 1W 2hr 30min
> 1W 1D 60min
The last five options allow users to specify an approximate fixed number of intrabars to analyze per chart bar. The available choices are 12, 24, 50, 100, and 250. The script will calculate the LTF which most closely approximates the specified number of intrabars per chart bar. Keep in mind that due to factors such as the length of a ticker's sessions and rounding of the LTF, it is not always possible to produce the exact number specified. However, the script will do its best to get as close to the value as possible.
As there is a limit to the number of intrabars that can be analyzed by a script, a tradeoff occurs between the number of intrabars analyzed per chart bar and the chart bars for which calculations are possible.
Display
This script displays raw or cumulative volume delta values on the chart as either line or histogram oscillator zones scaled according to the price chart, allowing traders to visualize volume activity on each bar or cumulatively over time. The indicator's background shows where CVD resets occur, demarcating the beginning of new zones. The vertical axis of each oscillator zone is scaled relative to the one with the highest price range, and the oscillator values are scaled relative to the highest volume delta. A vertical offset is applied to each oscillator zone so that the highest oscillator value aligns with the lowest price. This method ensures an accurate, intuitive visual comparison of volume activity within zones, as the scale is consistent across the chart, and oscillator values sit below prices. The vertical scale of oscillator zones can be adjusted using the "Zone Height" input in the script settings.
This script displays labels at the highest and lowest oscillator values in each zone, which can be enabled using the "Hi/Lo Labels" input in the "Visuals" section of the script settings. Additionally, the oscillator's value on a chart bar is displayed as a tooltip when a user hovers over the bar, which can be enabled using the "Value Tooltips" input.
Divergences occur when the polarity of volume delta does not match that of the chart bar. The script displays divergences as bar colors and background colors that can be enabled using the "Color bars on divergences" and "Color background on divergences" inputs.
An information box in the lower-left corner of the indicator displays the HTF used for resets, the LTF used for intrabars, the average quantity of intrabars per chart bar, and the number of chart bars for which there is LTF data. This is enabled using the "Show information box" input in the "Visuals" section of the script settings.
FOR Pine Script™ CODERS
• This script utilizes `ltf()` and `ltfStats()` from the lower_tf library.
The `ltf()` function determines the appropriate lower timeframe from the selected calculation mode and chart timeframe, and returns it in a format that can be used with request.security_lower_tf() .
The `ltfStats()` function, on the other hand, is used to compute and display statistical information about the lower timeframe in an information box.
• The script utilizes display.data_window and display.status_line to restrict the display of certain plots.
These new built-ins allow coders to fine-tune where a script’s plot values are displayed.
• The newly added session.isfirstbar_regular built-in allows for resetting the CVD segments at the start of the regular session.
• The VisibleChart library developed by our resident PineCoders team leverages the chart.left_visible_bar_time and chart.right_visible_bar_time variables to optimize the performance of this script.
These variables identify the opening time of the leftmost and rightmost visible bars on the chart, allowing the script to recalculate and draw objects only within the range of visible bars as the user scrolls.
This functionality also enables the scaling of the oscillator zones.
These variables are just a couple of the many new built-ins available in the chart.* namespace.
For more information, check out this blog post or look them up by typing "chart." in the Pine Script™ Reference Manual .
• Our ta library has undergone significant updates recently, including the incorporation of the `aroon()` indicator used as a method for resetting CVD segments within this script.
Revisit the library to see more of the newly added content!
Look first. Then leap.
The Price of Hard MoneyIf we calculate “the price of hard money” (the market capitalization weighted price of gold plus Bitcoin); we get this chart.
Since 2017, Bitcoin’s share of hard money growth has been increasing, we can see it visibly on the gold chart by a widening delta between the price of hard money and the Gold price. We can also see some interesting technical behaviours.
In 2021, Hard Money broke out and held this breakout above the 2011 Gold high. Only later in 2022 did a correction of 20% occur – typical of Golds historic volatility in periods of inflation and high interest rates.
Hard Money is at major support and we have evidence for a fundamental shift in investor capital flows away from gold and into Bitcoin.
This Indicator is useful:
- To track the market capitalization of Gold (estimated), Bitcoin and combined market capitalization of Hard Money.
- To track the price action and respective change in investor flows from Gold to Bitcoin .
Provided Bitcoin continues to suck more value out of gold with time, this chart will be useful for tracking price action of the combined asset classes into the years to come.
RSI and MA with Trailing Stop Loss and Take Profit (by Coinrule)The relative strength index is a momentum indicator used in technical analysis. It measures the speed and magnitude of a coin's recent price changes to evaluate overvalued or undervalued conditions in the price of that coin. The RSI is displayed as an oscillator (a line graph essentially) on a scale of zero to 100. When the RSI reaches oversold levels, it can provide a signal to go long. When the RSI reaches overbought levels, it can mark a good exit point or alternatively, an entry for a short position. Traditionally, an RSI reading of 70 or above indicates an overbought situation. A reading of 30 or below indicates an oversold condition.
A moving average (MA) calculates the average of a selected range of prices, usually closing prices, by the number of periods in that range. Essentially it is used to help smooth out price data by creating a constantly updated average price.
The Strategy enters and closes trades when the following conditions are met:
Entry Conditions:
RSI is greater than 50
MA9 is greater than MA50
RSI increases by 5
Exit Conditions:
Price increases by 1% trailing
Price decreases by 2% trailing
This strategy is back-tested from 1 January 2022 to simulate how the strategy would work in a bear market. The strategy provides good returns.
The strategy assumes each order is using 30% of the available coins to make the results more realistic and to simulate you only ran this strategy on 30% of your holdings. A trading fee of 0.1% is also taken into account and is aligned to the base fee applied on Binance.
Seasonal tendency: week-on-week % change and 10yr Averages-shows week-on-week % change, and 10yr averages of these % changes
-scan across the 10yr averages to get a good idea of the seasonality of an asset
-best used on commodities with strong seasonal tendencies (Gold, Wheat, Coffee, Lean hogs etc)
-works only on daily timeframe
-by default it will compare SMA(length) in the following way, BTC: Sunday cf previous Sunday | ES/Gold: Monday cf previous Monday
-for most assets, 5 daily bars in a week (SMA(5)) => that's the default. For BTC can change this to 7.
~~inputs:
-change input year to show any previous decade of asset's history; the table will display over that year on the chart
-choose expression for Average of % change week on week: SMA, ohlc4, vwma, vwap (default SMA)
-choose number of daily bars in a week (i.e. SMA length)
-change label sizes/colors
~~notes:
-When applied to current year: will print the 10yr average for previous weeks in the year; 9yr average for future weeks in the year
-drawings and SMA plot on the above chart are just to show visually how the week's average is calculated, and how this lines up with the label
-current week of year will highlight in large font orange by default
-the first 2 weeks of the year are omitted because of a bug i can't figure out, which throws out bad numbers.
-cannot print all the values for each of previous 10yrs; 'code too long' error. Could likely do this via using matrices but would require a rewrite
17th Dec 2022
@twingall
Fast EMA above Slow EMA with MACD (by Coinrule)An exponential moving average ( EMA ) is a type of moving average (MA) that places a greater weight and significance on the most recent data points. The exponential moving average is also referred to as the exponentially weighted moving average . An exponentially weighted moving average reacts more significantly to recent price changes than a simple moving average simple moving average ( SMA ), which applies an equal weight to all observations in the period.
Moving average convergence divergence ( MACD ) is a trend-following momentum indicator that shows the relationship between two moving averages of a security’s price. The MACD is calculated by subtracting the 26-period exponential moving average ( EMA ) from the 12-period EMA .
The result of that calculation is the MACD line. A nine-day EMA of the MACD called the "signal line," is then plotted on top of the MACD line, which can function as a trigger for buy and sell signals. Traders may buy the coin when the MACD crosses above its signal line and sell—or short—the security when the MACD crosses below the signal line. Moving average convergence divergence ( MACD ) indicators can be interpreted in several ways, but the more common methods are crossovers, divergences, and rapid rises/falls.
The Strategy enters and closes the trade when the following conditions are met:
LONG
The MACD histogram turns bullish
EMA8 is greater than EMA26
EXIT
Price increases 3% trailing
Price decreases 1% trailing
This strategy is back-tested from 1 January 2022 to simulate how the strategy would work in a bear market and provides good returns.
Pairs that produce very strong results include AXSUSDT on the 5-minute timeframe. This short timeframe means that this strategy opens and closes trades regularly.
Additionally, the trailing stop loss and take profit conditions can also be changed to match your needs.
The strategy assumes each order is using 30% of the available coins to make the results more realistic and to simulate you only ran this strategy on 30% of your holdings. A trading fee of 0.1% is also taken into account and is aligned to the base fee applied on Binance.
Ichimoku Cloud with MACD and Trailing Stop Loss (by Coinrule)The Ichimoku Cloud is a collection of technical indicators that show support and resistance levels, as well as momentum and trend direction. It does this by taking multiple averages and plotting them on a chart. It also uses these figures to compute a “cloud” that attempts to forecast where the price may find support or resistance in the future.
The Ichimoku Cloud was developed by Goichi Hosoda, a Japanese journalist, and published in the late 1960s. It provides more data points than the standard candlestick chart. While it seems complicated at first glance, those familiar with how to read the charts often find it easy to understand with well-defined trading signals.
The Ichimoku Cloud is composed of five lines or calculations, two of which comprise a cloud where the difference between the two lines is shaded in.
The lines include a nine-period average, a 26-period average, an average of those two averages, a 52-period average, and a lagging closing price line.
The cloud is a key part of the indicator. When the price is below the cloud, the trend is down. When the price is above the cloud, the trend is up.
The above trend signals are strengthened if the cloud is moving in the same direction as the price. For example, during an uptrend, the top of the cloud is moving up, or during a downtrend, the bottom of the cloud is moving down.
The MACD is a trend following momentum indicator and provides identification of short-term trend direction. In this variation it utilises the 12-period as the fast and 26-period as the slow length EMAs, with signal smoothing set at 9.
This strategy combines the Ichimoku Cloud with the MACD indicator to better enter trades.
Long/Exit orders are placed when three basic signals are triggered.
Long Position:
Tenkan-Sen is above the Kijun-Sen
Chikou-Span is above the close of 26 bars ago
Close is above the Kumo Cloud
MACD line crosses over the signal line
Exit Position:
Price increases 3% trailing
Price decreases 3% trailing
The script is backtested from 1 June 2022 and provides good returns.
The strategy assumes each order is using 30% of the available coins to make the results more realistic and to simulate you only ran this strategy on 30% of your holdings. A trading fee of 0.1% is also taken into account and is aligned to the base fee applied on Binance.
Rule Of 20 - Fair Value Estimation by Inflation & Earnings (TG)The Rule Of 20 is a heuristic calculation to find the fair value of an asset or market given its earnings and current inflation.
Its calculation is straightforward: the fair multiple of the price or price-to-earnings ratio of a stock should be 20 minus the rate of inflation.
In math terms: fair_price-to-earnings_ratio = (20 - inflation) ; fair_value = current_price * fair_price-to-earnings_ratio / real_price-to-earnings_ratio
For example, if a stock or index was trading on 11 times earnings and inflation was 2%, then the theory would be that the fair price-to-earnings ratio would be 20-2 = 18, which is much higher than the real price-to-earnings ratio of 11, and hence the asset would be undervalued.
Conversely, a market or company that was trading on 18 times price-to-earnings ration when inflation was 8% was seen as overvalued, because of the fair price-to-earnings ratio being 20-8=12, hence much lower than the real price-to-earnings ratio of 18.
We can then project the delta between the fair PE and real PE onto the asset's value to obtain the projected fair value, which may be a target of future value the asset may reach or hover around.
For example, as of 1st November 2022, SPX stood at 3871.97, with a PE ratio of 20.14 and an inflation in the US of 7.70. Using the Rule Of 20, we find that the fair PE ratio is 20-7.7=12.3, which is much lower than the current PE ratio of 20.14 by 39%! This may indicate a future possibility of a further downside risk by 39% from current valuation levels.
The origins of this rule are unknown, although the legendary US fund manager Peter Lynch is said to have been an active proponent when he was directing the Fidelity’s Magellan fund from 1977 to 1990.
For more infos about the Rule Of 20, reading this article is recommended: www.sharesmagazine.co.uk
This indicator implements the Rule Of 20 on any asset where the Financials are availble to TradingView, and also for the entire SP:SPX index as a way to assess the wider US stock market. Technically, the calculation is a bit different for the latter, as we cannot access earnings of SPX through Financials on TradingView, so we access it using the QUANDL:MULTPL/SP500_PE_RATIO_MONTH ticker instead.
By default are displayed:
current asset value in red
fair asset value according to the Rule Of 20 in white for SPX, or different shades of purple/maroon for other assets. Note that for SPX there is only one calculation, whereas for other assets there are multiple different ways to calculate earnings, so different fair values can be computed.
fair price-to-earnings ratio (PE ratio) in light grey.
real price-to-earnings ratio in darker grey.
This indicator can be used on SP:SPX ticker, and on most NASDAQ:* tickers, since they have Financials integrated in TradingView. Stocks tickers from other exchanges may not provide Financials data, so this indicator won't work then. If this happens, try to find the same ticker on NASDAQ instead.
Note that by default, only the US stock market is considered. If you want to consider stocks or assets in other regions of the world, please change the inflation ticker to a ticker that reflect the target region's inflation.
Also adding a table to ease interpretation was considered, but then the Timeframe MTF parameter would not work, and since the big advantage of this indicator is to allow for historical comparisons, the table was dropped.
Enjoy, and keep in mind that all models are wrong, but some are useful.
Trade safely!
TG
[ChasinAlts] A New Beginning[MO]Hello Tradeurs, firstly let me say this… Please do not think that this dump is over (so I want to gift you one of the best gifts I CAN gift you at the PERFECT TIME...which is now) but I believe it to be the final one before a New Beginning is upon us. I hope that anybody that sees this within the next day or so listens to me when I tell you this… Follow the instructions below, IF ANYTHING, just to set the alert to be notify you so you can see why I’m about to tell you everything that I’m about to tell you. That being that this indicator is pure magic…..BUT you must stay in your lane when using it (ie. ultimately, understand its use case) and most importantly, how many people you expose it to. The good thing about it is it produces very few alerts. In fact, it was built SOLELY to find the very tips of MAJOR dumps/pumps (with its current default settings). I honestly cannot remember where I acquired the code so if anyone recognizes it please direct me to the source so I can give a shoutout. In the past it has been so astonishingly accurate that I didn’t want to publish it but I've just been...in the mood I suppose recently.
Now…it is SPECIFICALLY meant for the 1min TF. I’ll say it again… It is meant for ONE MINUTE CHARTS…it was built for 1min charts, it will only work as well as I’m describing to you on the…you guessed it…ONE MINUTE CHART (again, with the default settings how they are, that is). If any of you use it for this present dump (November 8, 2022) and want to thank me for it or speak very highly about it or give it a bunch of likes… DO NOT!!! I will reword this so you fully comprehend my urgency on this matter. I do not want this indicator getting out for every Joe Schmoe (or stupid YouTuber) to use and spread because the manipulators will see to it that it will no longer work. Things that will happen that will cause it to gain the popularity that I do not want it to have are the following:
1) You "like" the indicator in TradingView to show appreciation/that your using it so that it will show up in your indicators list (to get past this you need to select all of the text of the script on the indicator's page and copy and paste it into the “Pine Editor”. Then select "save" and name it as you wish. Now, it is in your indicator list under the name that you saved it as.
2) You *favorite* the indicator in TradingView
3) You leave comments in the comments section on the indicators page in TradingView (I really do love hearing comments about anything regarding my indicators(positive or negative..though I haven't gotten any negative yet SO BRING IT ON), even though I don’t get too many of them, so if you are grateful (or hateful) PLEASE message me privately (and really I truly truly do appreciate getting comments/messages so if it has benefited you make sure to message me as I might have more for those that do express their gratitude) and tell me anything that you want to tell me or ask me anything that you wanna ask me there).
One major thing that will help to suppress its popularity will be that if anybody goes back on historical charts to see its accuracy they most likely will not be able to go far back enough on the 1min TF to be able to Witness its efficacy so I'm banking on that helping to keep a lid on things.
The settings used (as well as the TF used) really should not be changed if using it for its intended purpose. On little dumps that last for a few hours os so will produce points somewhere in the 40 to 60 range at the dumps/pumps peak. Each coin is worth one point and there are 40 coins per set and 2 sets (that you will have to link together) and when the under the hood indicator is triggered for that coin it will add a point to the score. With the settings how they are and on the 1min TF(if I hadn't mentioned it yet. lol) a good point alert threshold to use to catch the apex of heavy pumps/dumps would be between 70 to 80 points(80 is max). Ultimately is the users choice to input the alert threshold of points in the indicators settings(default is 72). If you’re trying to nail the very bottom of a hard pump/dump, DO NOT fall for times where it peaks at 50 to 60. You’re looking for 70 or above.
*** This is the most important thing to do as you will not receive an alert if you do not do this correctly. You have to add the indicator two times to the chart. One of the indicators needs to be under “Coin Set 1“ and the other under “Coin Set 2“. Now, in “Set 1“ you need to go to the setting entitled “Select New Beginning Count Plot from drop-down“ and you need to open the drop-down and select the plot entitled “A New Beginning Count Plot”. This will link both the indicators and since there are 40 coins per iteration of the script, when you link them it could give you a max of 80 points total at the very peak of a very strong dump...which will obviously be rare. You CAN use only one copy of the script (but need to change the alert setting to a MAX of 40) but in my experience it's best to use both of them and to link them. It gives you a more well-rounded outcome. Good luck my people and always remember...Much love...Much Love. May the force be with your trades. -ChasinAlts out.
[ChasinAlts]Top-Wicked Good S/R LinesHello Tradeurs, as per usual, I hope everyone is having a FAN-FRIGGIN-TASTIC day. With the soon incoming bull market approaching fast(Nov 7, 2022), there are a few ideas that I've really been trying to push out to help nail a few coins as they are near their bottom peak of this closing Bear Market. This one may seem very similar to the last one I posted but I think this one takes the cake...esp when you see the next script from my 'Market Overview' series that I will be publishing shortly after this one as it is utilizing this new script for a market scanner that will be SUPER legit and profitable. Though it is alway nice to be noticed, I'm glad that I'm relatively unpopular so the few people that are now following me can have some time to make some money with some of these scripts I'm trying to pump out for the benefit of the community. I will rarely give my full analysis of how I take in and utilize these scripts but I can tell you, QUITE A FEW of them are money in the bank. Esp these last few I've done/am doing and even more-so the ones that are soon to come (I'm speaking of about the next 3-4 that I will be attempting to pump out in this next VERY IMPORTANT week.). One more thing I'll add before going to the script is a little alpha(Im pretty certain this is the way it is going but NOTHING is EVERY 100% in life). What I believe should be realized is the bottoming out of MANY of the crypto coins at the VERY bottom of a LONG TERM Cup and Handle (so it seems but shat can still change in the blink of an eye). Thus there are quite a few coins that I believe have already bottomed and wont be returning to said bottom for a few years or so but there are also quite a few still at the brink of the bottomest part before the real market breakout occurs. My goal with these scripts coming out this week to help you all find those coins that have yet to hit their very bottom (thus the ATH/ATL script recently published). Going back in history looking for the lowest points of long term Cup & Handles I will point out 2 key things. Near the center/bottomest part of these historical CnH you will see either Double Bottoms OR a Huge dump and then its V-shaped recovery. After these print the point of no return has occurred where only a few coins will be going lower than these Double Bottoms/V-Shaped recoveries. So the time is at hand. Now that many coins are seemingly pumping after this long consolidation, I believe we need to keep a keen eye out for THE FINAL RUG PULL (as soon as enough degenerates are leveraging Long their entire savings.). What Im saying is be ready for this final rug pull to finally be seeing these Double Bottoms/V-Shaped recoveries VERY soon. DO NOT waste all your capital yet and MAKE SURE to use stop losses or else rather than stop losses you will be burdened with MUCH WORSE losses. Im currently not even in the market bc I am waiting on said rug pull. Ok for the Script now.
This script is similar to the last one but with the previous one, one general set of settings can produce VASTLY different results (might have 2 S/R lines on one coin and 80 on another). I wanted to fix that with this script, turn it into a "Market Overview" Scanner and create alerts for the MO Scanner to be able to get alerted any time a coin is passing its largest wick S/R levels bc DULY NOTE...it is VERY rare that a coin will blow past it if it hasn't approached it recently. That means that a small retrace of 3-5%(or more) is EASY to acquire (with leverage that can really add up with how many coins are in the Kucoin Margin Coin list that I have in my scanners). Now, once price does shoot through a level you best be sure to be looking down the line for a retest of the S/R level it blew past before as they are MANY times the retest level and price will be coming back to it before continuing
in the direction it was going. Depending on the TF your using this could be a few hours to a few days to a few weeks...you get it. With this script you can choose to draw S/R lines 2 ways: 1) by having it plot S/R lines on the end of the largest 2(3,4,5..however many you choose) wicks that the chart has access to. For the scanner ill just be putting the largest 2-3 wicks and set alerts when coming up to them/crossing them & 2) having it draw S/R lines on the ends of the largest X% of wicks. it will be erasing the lines and drawing new ones on each new candle occurrence so the same general settings will no longer be producing VASTLY diff amounts of S/R lines and will be way more consistent amongst the coins for better utilization with the scanner (when I publish it). There is also a Wick Max Cutoff % so for those coins that had it's first few hours printing 100% sized wicks...you can choose to ignore them so they are not taking up one of your top spots for the S/R lines. There is similarly a Wick % min Size that can be selected so if you’re using the top % setting, it will help decrease those coins that can be still plotting 30 lines even though the top 3% of the largest wicks are set in the settings. Hope Im being clear but it's easy enough. I believe in you and your capabilities of comprehending it all and getting it all figured out. So this script is for a visualization for the scanner that I will be uploading soon-after. It's always nice to get a few comments if my ideas/scripts have been helpful to you and please don't hold back if you have something to tell me that I screwed up on (I am still rather new to this coding thing but I like to think I at least have some fresh ideas that aren’t out there in the public library). Talk to you soon and may the force be with your trades. Peace and love people...peace and love. -ChasinAlts out.
Simple RSI and SMA Long and Short (by Coinrule)The relative strength index ( RSI ) is a momentum indicator used in technical analysis . RSI measures the speed and magnitude of a security's recent price changes to evaluate overvalued or undervalued conditions in the price of that security. The RSI is displayed as an oscillator (a line graph) on a scale of zero to 100. The RSI can do more than point to overbought and oversold securities. It can also indicate securities that may be primed for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price. It can signal when to buy and sell. Traditionally, an RSI reading of 70 or above indicates an overbought situation. A reading of 30 or below indicates an oversold condition.
A simple moving average ( SMA ) calculates the average of a selected range of prices, usually closing prices, by the number of periods in that range.
The Strategy enters and closes the trade when the following conditions are met:
LONG
SMA100 is greater than SMA150
RSI is greater than 50
SHORT
SMA100 is less than SMA150
RSI is less than 50
When a long position is opened, it remains open until the conditions for a short are met at which point the long position is closed and the short position is opened. Then, when the conditions for the long position are met, the short will be closed and a long will be opened.
This strategy is back tested from 1 January 2022 to simulate how the strategy would work in a bear market. The strategy provides good returns.
The strategy assumes each order is using 30% of the available coins to make the results more realistic and to simulate you only ran this strategy on 30% of your holdings. A trading fee of 0.1% is also taken into account and is aligned to the base fee applied on Binance.
[ChasinAlts] All-Timers [MO]*** PLEASE NOTE: THIS SCRIPT WILL MAKE TV's SERVERS FLEX IT'S MUSCLES SO IT WILL SLOW DOWN OTHER PROCESSES WITHIN TV (HIDE THEM IF NECESSARY TO REGAIN THE SPEED/FUNCTION...OR DELETE THEM...WHAT DO I CARE???) ESP IF YOU HAVE 3-4 ITERATIONS AS I DO TO SHOW THE WHOLE KUCOIN MARGIN MARKET ***
G'day Tradeurs, Hope everyone is having a FAN-FRIGGIN-TASTIC DAY!!! Right now (November 2nd, 2022) is a GREAT time to look for coins that are near their ALL-Time Low
due to the incoming bull market rearing its head around the corner (I'd wait for ONE MORE big dump to be safe though). And how GREAT would it be to even have
$50 of a coin with 10X leverage (I wouldn't suggest this to others though) at the near bottom said market? That is the reason for me publishing this.
This is a quick little scanner script thats part of my "Market Overview" series. Nothing monumental or advanced regarding the ATH/ATL calculations.
Perhaps one thing slightly different here than others is both the % from ATH and % from ATL is calculated and the result is the % that the price is between it's ATH/ATL.
So, it will show the All Time High/All Time Low BUT ONLY to the extent that the TF will allow. Ie. For the Free Planned Users, they can only get data as far back as
5,000 bars would provide. Thus, the ATH/ATL will not show the ACTUAL ATH/ATL but the highest high/lowest low within the last 5,000 bars. So if you want to get more
granular then I suggest you going with a Lower TF but if you want to see the ACTUAL ATH/ATL then the Daily TF or higher is what you're looking for. Make sure to note
that when a coin's plot is staying even with the 0 or 100 line(0 being the ATL within the TF and vise versa) that means the coin is pushing the ATH/ATL further than it
previously was, Also, as with many of my other scripts, I've included a coin filter that will either allow or disallow the plot to be printed depending on if the
"Printed Bar Count" is selected and if it's % is above the threshold (set by the user). This filter will pretty much be useless on the higher TF so don't expect a change
in the data output if you're using a HTF and have that filter selected for use. Elaboration on the inner-workings of MOST inputs can be found in the tooltips provided
along side it and viewed within the settings menu by hovering your curser over the little circled "i" next to the appropriate setting (or near it if the tooltips are
referencing each other or other inputs around itself). May the force be with your trades (in my best Darth Vader voice). Toodles. -ChasinAlts
Fed Net Liquidity Indicator (24-Oct-2022 update)This indicator is an implementation of the USD Liquidity Index originally proposed by Arthur Hayes based on the initial implementation of jlb05013, kudos to him!
I have incorporated subsequent additions (Standing Repo Facility and Central Bank Liquidity Swaps lines) and dealt with some recent changes in reporting units from TradingView.
This is a macro indicator that aims at tracking how much USD liquidity is available to chase financial assets:
- When the FED is expanding liquidity, financial asset prices tend to increase
- When the FED is contracting liquidity, financial asset prices tend to decrease
Here is the current calculation:
Net Liquidity =
(+) The Fed’s Balance Sheet (FRED:WALCL)
(-) NY Fed Total Amount of Accepted Reverse Repo Bids (FRED:RRPONTTLD)
(-) US Treasury General Account Balance Held at NY Fed (FRED:WTREGEN)
(+) NY Fed - Standing Repo Facility (FRED:RPONTSYD)
(+) NY Fed - Central Bank Liquidity Swaps (FRED:SWPT)
Kendall Rank Correlation Coefficient (alt)This is a non-parametric correlation statistical test, which is less sensitive to magnitude and more to direction, hence why some people call this a "concordance test".
This indicator was originally created by Alex Orekhov (everget), if you like this one, please show the original author some love:
This version is extended by tartigradia (2022) to make it more readily useable:
* Update to pinescript v5
* Default compare to current symbol (instead of only fixed symbols)
* Add 1.0, 0.0 and -1.0 correlation levels lines.
This indicator plots both the Kendall correlation in orange, and the more classical parametric Pearson correlation in purple for comparison. Either can be disabled in the Style tab.
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) [Loxx]Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) demonstrates how to calculate the Cost of Equity for an underlying asset using Pine Script. This script will only work on the monthly timeframe. While you can change the default inputs, you should study what CAPM is and how this works before doing so. This indicator pulls various types of data from SPY from various timeframes to calculate risk-free rates, market premiums, and log returns. Alpha and Beta are computed using the regression between underlying asset and SPY. This indicator only calculates on the most recent data. If you wish to change this, you'll have to save the script and make adjustments. A few examples where CAPM is used:
Used as the mu factor Geometric Brownian Motion models for options pricing and forecasting price ranges and decay
Calculating the Weighted Average Cost of Capital
Asset pricing
Efficient frontier
Risk and diversification
Security market line
Discounted Cashflow Analysis
Investment bankers use CAPM to value deals
Account firms use CAPM to verify asset prices and assumptions
Real estate firms use variations of CAPM to value properties
... and more
Details of the calculations used here
Rm is calculated using yearly simple returns data from SPY, typically this is just hard coded as 10%.
Rf is pulled from US 10 year bond yields
Beta and Alpha are pulled form monthly returns data of the asset and SPY
In the past, typically this data is purchased from investments banks whose research arms produce values for beta, alpha, risk free rate, and risk premiums. In 2022 ,you can find free estimates for each parameter but these values might not reflect the most current data or research.
History
The CAPM was introduced by Jack Treynor (1961, 1962), William F. Sharpe (1964), John Lintner (1965) and Jan Mossin (1966) independently, building on the earlier work of Harry Markowitz on diversification and modern portfolio theory. Sharpe, Markowitz and Merton Miller jointly received the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for this contribution to the field of financial economics. Fischer Black (1972) developed another version of CAPM, called Black CAPM or zero-beta CAPM, that does not assume the existence of a riskless asset. This version was more robust against empirical testing and was influential in the widespread adoption of the CAPM.
Usage
The CAPM is used to calculate the amount of return that investors need to realize to compensate for a particular level of risk. It subtracts the risk-free rate from the expected rate and weighs it with a factor – beta – to get the risk premium. It then adds the risk premium to the risk-free rate of return to get the rate of return an investor expects as compensation for the risk. The CAPM formula is expressed as follows:
r = Rf + beta (Rm – Rf) + Alpha
Therefore,
Alpha = R – Rf – beta (Rm-Rf)
Where:
R represents the portfolio return
Rf represents the risk-free rate of return
Beta represents the systematic risk of a portfolio
Rm represents the market return, per a benchmark
For example, assuming that the actual return of the fund is 30, the risk-free rate is 8%, beta is 1.1, and the benchmark index return is 20%, alpha is calculated as:
Alpha = (0.30-0.08) – 1.1 (0.20-0.08) = 0.088 or 8.8%
The result shows that the investment in this example outperformed the benchmark index by 8.8%.
The alpha of a portfolio is the excess return it produces compared to a benchmark index. Investors in mutual funds or ETFs often look for a fund with a high alpha in hopes of getting a superior return on investment (ROI).
The alpha ratio is often used along with the beta coefficient, which is a measure of the volatility of an investment. The two ratios are both used in the Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) to analyze a portfolio of investments and assess its theoretical performance.
To see CAPM in action in terms of calculate WACC, see here for an example: finbox.com
Further reading
en.wikipedia.org
